If you have disabled the PGP plugin from your mail client and saved a copy of an encrypted email to your desktop, this guide will help you read that message in as safe a way as possible given what we know about the vulnerability described by EFAIL.
1. Open the start menu by clicking the “Windows” icon in the bottom-left corner of the screen or pressing the “Windows” key on your keyboard.
2. Next, type “cmd” in the start menu that appears, and then the “enter” key.
3. You will now see a “Command Prompt” window appear.
4. Type exactly “cd Desktop”, then hit the “Enter” key.
5. Type the following text exactly: “gpg -d encrypted.eml”, then hit the “Enter” key. Outlook users should type exactly “gpg -d encrypted.asc” instead.
6. You will now be prompted to enter your GPG passphrase. Type it into the dialog, which may look different for Enigmail users, then hit the “Enter” key.
7. You should now see the contents of the message in the Command Prompt window.
These notes are based on Windows 10 with Gpg4win.
To prevent access to the Command Prompt in Window, you can make use of Group Policy settings or edit the Windows Registry, so as to disable the Command Prompt. When you do this, it will prevent users from running the interactive command prompt or CMD.exe. Let us see how we can do it in Windows 10/8/7.
Disable Command Prompt
You can disable Command Prompt in Windows 10 using the Group Policy or the Registry. Let us see how to do it.
Using GPO
Open Run box, type gpedit.msc and hit Enter to open the Local Group Policy Editor. Navigate to the following path:
In the right side pane, you will see Prevent access to the command prompt. Double click on it to set the policy. Select Enabled and click Apply/OK.
This policy setting prevents users from running the interactive command prompt, Cmd.exe. This policy setting also determines whether batch files (.cmd and .bat) can run on the computer. If you enable this policy setting and the user tries to open a command window, the system displays a message explaining that a setting prevents the action. If you disable this policy setting or do not configure it, users can run Cmd.exe and batch files normally.
Here, you can also Disable the command prompt script processing also, if you wish.
If your version of Windows does not have Group Policy, you can do the following.
Using Registry
Run regedit to open the Registry Editor. navigate to the following registry key:
If the Windows or System key is not present, you may be required to create them.
In the right pane, double click DisableCMD and set its value to 0.
If DisableCMD is not present on your system, you may be required to create a new DWORD value, name it DisableCMD and then give it a value 0.
Now if any user were to try to open CMD, they would see a message:
The command prompt has been disabled by your administrator.
Enable CMD in Windows 10
If for some reason, you need to do the reverse, ie. enable the command prompt, simply disable the Prevent access to the command prompt policy setting. In the registry, you may delete the DisableCMD DWORD or set its value to 1.
Our FixWin also lets you enable command prompt if it has been disabled, in a click.
Chris Hoffman is Editor-in-Chief of How-To Geek. He’s written about technology for over a decade and was a PCWorld columnist for two years. Chris has written for The New York Times, been interviewed as a technology expert on TV stations like Miami’s NBC 6, and had his work covered by news outlets like the BBC. Since 2011, Chris has written over 2,000 articles that have been read nearly one billion times—and that’s just here at How-To Geek. Read more.
The Windows Command Prompt has a built-in history feature, allowing you to quickly view commands you’ve run in the current session. Even better, the Command Prompt offers quite a few keyboard shortcuts and other tricks for working with your command history.
How to View Your Command History
To scroll through your command history, you can use these keyboard shortcuts:
- Up Arrow: Recall the previous command you typed. Press the key repeatedly to walk through your command history.
- Down Arrow: Recall the next command you typed. Press the key repeatedly to walk through your command history.
- Page Up: Recall the first command you ran in the current Command Prompt session.
- Page Down: Recall the most recent command you ran in the current Command Prompt session.
- Esc: Clear the command line.
Use these F keys to interact with your command history:
- F7: View your command history as an overlay. Use the up and down arrow keys to select a command and run it. Press Esc to close the overlay without running a command.
- F8: Search your command history for a command matching the text on the current command line. So, if you wanted to search for a command that began with “p”, you’d type “p” on the command line and then repeatedly tap F8 to cycle through commands in your history that begin with “p”.
- F9: Recall a command from your command history by specifying its number in the history buffer. These numbers are display in the F7 overlay window, and begin at 0. So, if you wanted to quickly re-run the first command you ran in the current session, you’d press “F9”, type “0”, and press “Enter”. The command would appear filled in at the prompt and you could press “Enter” once again to run it.
To print a list of your command history in the terminal, run the following command:
You’ll see the commands you’ve typed in your current session. This is the same list you’ll see if you press F7.
How to Copy Your Previous Command
The previous command you typed is known as the “template”. There are a variety of shortcuts for quickly copying part of the previous command you ran.
- F1: Copy one character at a time from the the previous command you typed. Press the F1 key repeatedly to type the command you previously typed, character by character.
- F2: Copy part of the command you previously typed. You’ll be prompted to enter a character. The system will search forward in the previous command you typed and automatically copy the text up to, but not including, that character. For example, if the last command you ran was “ping google.com”, you could press “F2”, type “o”, press “Enter”, and “ping g” would appear at the prompt.
- F3: Copy part of the command you previously typed. The system will start from the current character position and automatically copy the remainder of the text from that position on the previous line. For example, let’s say the last command you typed was “ping -4 google.com”. You could type “ping -6”, press “F3″, and the system would automatically fill in ” google.com”, making the current line “ping -6 google.com”.
How to Clear the Command History
Unlike Linux’s bash shell, the Command Prompt doesn’t remember commands between sessions. To erase the history of any commands you typed, just close the Command Prompt window.
You can tell the Command Prompt to not remember any commands you’ve typed in the current session by setting the history size to 0 with the doskey command:
You won’t be able to use the arrow keys, F7 key, or doskey /history command to see any commands you’ve typed after setting the list size to 0. This change also only takes effect for the current Command Prompt window, so the Command Prompt window will remember history as normal the next time you close and reopen it.
You can use the cls (clear screen) command to clear your Command Prompt window, erasing all history of the commands you typed without closing the window:
How to Save Your Command History
If you ever need to save a history of the commands you typed in a Command Prompt window, you can do it by running the doskey /history command and routing its output to a text file. (You could also just run the doskey /history command and copy/paste text to another application, of course.)
For example, the following command will save a copy of your current Command Prompt window’s command history to the C:\Users\name\Desktop\commands.txt file on your system.
The > character redirects the output of the command to the file you specify.
Open the file in a text editor to view the history of commands typed in that Command Prompt session.
These are just some of the useful keyboard shortcuts available in the Command Prompt, so check out our list for even more.
Open Command Prompt to Execute Commands in Windows 10, 8, 7, Vista, & XP
Tim Fisher has 30+ years’ professional technology experience. He focuses on support and Microsoft topics but is an expert in all areas of tech. He’s also the GM & VP of Lifewire.
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Some popular Command Prompt commands you might have heard of include ping, netstat, tracert, shutdown, and attrib, but there are many more. We have a complete list here.
While Command Prompt probably isn’t a tool most of you will use on a regular basis, it can really come in handy now and then, maybe to troubleshoot a specific Windows problem or to automate some kind of task.
How you open Command Prompt differs between Windows versions, so you’ll find steps below for Windows 10, Windows 8 or Windows 8.1, and Windows 7, Windows Vista, and Windows XP. See What Version of Windows Do I Have? if you’re not sure.
Open Command Prompt in Windows 10
Select the Start button.
Type cmd.
Select Command Prompt from the list.
Open Command Prompt Through the Start Menu
Another way to open Command Prompt in Windows 10 is to look in its Start menu folder:
Select the Start button.
Select the Windows System folder from the list.
Choose Command Prompt from the folder group.
Open Command Prompt Using Power User Menu
One more method in Windows 10 is through the Power User Menu. If you’re using a keyboard or mouse, choose Command Prompt from the menu that appears after pressing Win+X or right-clicking the Start button.
You might see Windows PowerShell options in the Power User Menu instead of Command Prompt. In more recent versions of Windows 10, Command Prompt has been replaced by PowerShell, but you can still access it from the Power User Menu by editing the taskbar settings.
Open Command Prompt in Windows 8 or 8.1
Select the Start button and then swipe up to show the Apps screen. You can accomplish the same thing with a mouse by selecting the down arrow icon at the bottom of the screen.
Prior to the Windows 8.1 update, the Apps screen can be accessed from the Start screen by swiping up from the bottom of the screen, or right-clicking anywhere, and then choosing All apps.
If you’re using a keyboard or mouse, a really quick way to open a Command Prompt window in Windows 8 is through the Power User Menu—just hold the WIN and X keys down together, or right-click the Start button, and choose Command Prompt.
Swipe or scroll to the right on the Apps screen to locate the Windows System section heading.
Select Command Prompt. You can now execute whatever command you needed to run.
See our List of Windows 8 Command Prompt Commands for a complete list of the commands available through Command Prompt in Windows 8, including short descriptions and links to more in-depth information if we have it.
Open Command Prompt in Windows 7, Vista, or XP
Open the Start menu from the bottom-left corner of the screen.
In Windows 7 and Windows Vista, it’s a bit faster to enter command in the search box at the bottom of the Start menu and then choose Command Prompt when it appears in the results.
Go to All Programs > Accessories.
Choose Command Prompt from the list of programs.
Here’s our List of Windows 7 Commands and List of Windows XP Commands if you need a command reference for any of those versions of Windows.
Other Ways to Open Command Prompt
Command Prompt in Windows XP through Windows 10 can also be opened with a command. This is especially helpful if you like using the Run dialog box or if Windows Explorer has crashed and the Start menu is inaccessible (and thus the directions above don’t work).
To do this, enter cmd into the command-line interface. This can be in the Run dialog box (WIN+R) or Task Manager’s File > Run new task menu.
Elevated Command Prompts and Old Windows Versions
In versions of Windows released before Windows XP, like Windows 98 and Windows 95, Command Prompt doesn’t exist. However, the older and very similar MS-DOS Prompt does. This program is located in the Start menu and can be opened with the command run command.
Some commands, like the sfc command that’s used to repair Windows files, require that Command Prompt be opened as an administrator before they can be executed. You’ll know if this is the case if you get a message like one of these after trying to execute the command:
- check that you have administrative rights
- . command can only be executed from an elevated command prompt
- you must be an administrator
See How to Open an Elevated Command Prompt for help starting Command Prompt as an administrator, a process that’s a bit more complicated than what’s outlined above.
If you’re a frequent user of the Windows 10 Command Prompt, the “command history” feature allows you to view and quickly reuse recent command instead of having to retype them, making your daily tasks more efficient.
In this Windows 10 guide, we’ll walk you through the steps to access your command history and export your recently typed command to a file while in Command Prompt.
How to view Command Prompt history with F7
To use the F7 key to view your Command Prompt history, use these steps:
- Open Start.
- Search for Command Prompt, and click the top result to open the console.
Press the F7 key.
Using the F7 key will open the graphical interface with a list of commands you typed in the current session, even if you mistyped them.
While in the command history, you can use the up or down arrow keys to select the command that you want to reuse. If you want to exit without running any command, press the Esc key.
How to view Command Prompt history with doskey
On Command Prompt, the doskey is a command line tool that recalls previously typed commands, edits command lines, and you can even use it to create macros.
In this case, you can use the command to view a list of the command history from the current session. Here’s how:
- Open Start.
- Search for Command Prompt, and click the top result to open the console.
Type the following command to view the command history and press Enter:
The only caveat with this tool is that you can view your current history, but you can’t select the command like using the F7 key. However, you can use the arrows and pages keys on the keyboard to cycle and run previously typed commands.
- Down arrow — Re-enters the next command that you typed. If you hit the arrow key repeatedly, it’ll scroll down through the command history currently in memory.
- Up arrow — Re-enters up the previous command that you typed. If you hit the arrow key repeatedly, it’ll scroll up through the command history currently in memory.
- Page Down — Re-enters the last command from the current session history.
- Page Up — Re-enters up the first command from the current session history.
- Esc — Deletes the current content of the console line.
How to export Command Prompt history to file
Unlike the Linux console, command history is only available for the current session. If you close Command Prompt, it will also clear the history, but you can the doskey command to save the history of the commands you typed to a file.
To export your command history, use these steps:
- Open Start.
- Search for Command Prompt, right-click the top result, and click the Run as administrator option.
Type the following command to save the command history and press Enter:
doskey /h > c:\cmd_history.txt
In the command, change the c:\cmd_history.txt for the path and name of the file you want to use to export the current history.
Once you’ve completed the steps, the Command Prompt history will be saved on the location you specified.
We’re focusing this guide on Windows 10, but command history for Command Prompt has been around for years, which means that you can also use this feature on Windows 8.1, Windows 7, and previous versions.
More Windows 10 resources
For more helpful articles, coverage, and answers to common questions about Windows 10, visit the following resources:
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Command Prompt (cmd) is the most widely used command-line tool for Windows. Although Microsoft has released more tools like PowerShell and Windows Terminal, users still like to use the Command Prompt for their day-to-day command line tasks.
If you are using Command Prompt to run multiple commands, the CMD provides a convenient way for you to move backwards and forwards in the command history that you have already typed using the Up and Down arrow keys. There is no way to search through the command history and, secondly, the history is only saved for the current session. There is no persistent history of commands.
In this tutorial, we will discuss ways to see and search the list of your commands typed in cmd. We will also discuss ways to save the cmd history in a text file for future reference.
View Command Prompt History Using F7 Key
Viewing the list of commands
You will only see the history for the current session in the Command Prompt window. Upon closing the Command Prompt window, all previous commands will be lost upon restarting the program.
Once you have opened the Command Prompt window and started executing commands, Windows will save the history for your active session.
To see the list of recently executed commands in CMD, press F7 key. This will open a pop-up inside CMD showing the list of recently executed commands. You can select any command and press enter and that specific command will be executed again.
And after reaching to it, press Enter key. And here you are. Your command is executed.
Searching the list of recent commands
You can also search for a specific command from your CMD history. To search for a specific command from the history, just press the F8 key, type whatever you remember and then press F8 key to cycle through the possibilities from the history.
For example, if the command I’m searching for starts with “ip“, I will type ip and then press the F8 key. Pressing F8 key again will bring another possible result from history, if any. Keep pressing F8 key again and again until the history list ends.
Recalling commands by their number
When we pressed the F7 key, you should have noticed that each command starts with a number. If you want to call a command again and again, you can call it by its number by using the F9 key.
For example, if the command number 3 is the one I have to run again and again, I will press F9 key, type 3 and then press Enter. This will execute the command no. 3 from the command history.
View Command Prompt History Using Doskey
To have the entire list of your Command Prompt window’s commands, on the window as a text, you have to type the following command in your CMD window.
Because sometimes, you do not like pop-up windows all the time. That’s why I am giving you an easy and clean way to see the history of your Command Prompt window.
Open CMD from the Start Menu and type “doskey /History”. As you typed, all the commands which you typed latterly are shown to you in your CMD window.
Use Up and Down arrow to select the command. Or you can also Copy and Paste the commands from the history that has appeared on your screen, within the CMD window.
Saving Command Prompt History
You can only view the history of commands as long as your CMD window stays open. When you close it, all commands will be gone with no mark of history. What if you need the same commands for the next use of CMD window, but you do not know which commands you executed before?
You can save your commands list as a TXT, HTML, CSV or RTF file before closing the window so that you can have a backup of your entered commands.
Type the following command in your Command Prompt window
doskey /HISTORY > history.txt
Your file will be saved in the Users folder. Now go to the user folder and see if that has the file saved there or not.
Please check the history of all commands and save them in a notepad file to use any of your commands anytime you need.
View command history in PowerShell
PowerShell can also be used in place of the Command Prompt. PowerShell can run all the commands for CMD plus many more. If you want to view the history of your commands in PowerShell, you have to type the history command. This will show a list of all recently typed commands inside the current PowerShell session.
Clear CMD history
Since the command history in CMD and PowerShell is not persistent, history can be cleared by closing the current CMD window. If you do not want to close the CMD window, you have to press Alt + F7 key. This will clear the CMD history from your current session.
I hope you have a clear understanding of how to view your history in CMD and how to save that history. If you have any questions, comment below to ask.
Windows’ Command Prompt enables you to run programs, batch files, automate tasks, and even perform administrative functions along with troubleshooting issues on Windows 10. Given the nature of its functionality for a frequent user, the command history feature is a plus as you can cycle between previously used commands and even log them as a .txt file in an active session.
However, the history cannot be restored if you exit Command Prompt as this feature works for the current working session only. This means that if the Command Prompt window is closed or if the PC restarts then the history is wiped out. Here are two ways to access and save the command history in Command Prompt on Windows 10.
Using the Command History menu:
- Open the Start menu and type cmd in the search bar. Click on the Command Prompt app to proceed.
- On the Command Prompt home screen, press the F7 key to access the menu which has all of your previously executed commands listed in chronological order.
- For instance, if you executed an auto-shutdown command as highlighted below and wish to disable it without typing in the same command over again.
- Simply press F7 to bring up the command history and use the arrow up and down keys to navigate between the commands that you wish to use. Press Enter when you have selected the required command.
- This would execute the selected command in Command Prompt. You can also cycle between the previous commands by simply pressing the arrow up and down buttons.
Using Doskey History Command:
- On the Command Prompt home screen, type in the command doskey /history and press Enter.
- This would list down all of the previously executed commands in that session on Command Prompt.
How to Save Command History in a .txt File:
Typically, the command history in Command Prompt on Windows 10 only works for the current session and you cannot access the history after you restart the computer. But you can save the command history in a .txt file on your computer either to keep a record of your commands or the changes that you made to your computer. Here’s how to do that:
- Open the Start menu and type cmd in the search bar. Right-click on the Command Prompt app and select Run as Administrator to proceed.
- Type the command doskey /h > c:\cmd_history.txt and press Enter. This would log your command history from Command Prompt in a .txt file on your C: drive.
- Press Windows key + E to open the File Explorer. Select the Local Disk C: to continue.
- The file would be present as a text document with the name of cmd_history. Click on it to open the file.
- You can now view the history of all your previously executed commands logged in this file.
The command history feature in Command Prompt can save you a fair amount of time along with the trouble of retyping commands in an active session.
Note: This blog post is from 2011. Some content may be outdated–though not necessarily. Same with links and subsequent comments from myself or others. Corrections are welcome, in the comments. And I may revise the content as necessary.
This is a bit of esoterica, but as I’ve seen some searching for a solution in various help forums, I figured I’d share it here. It can be especially useful if you’ve been using the Microsoft LogParser command-line tool, which allows you to use SQL statements from the command line to analyze log files of all sorts. You may build up a large set of them during a session, and wish you could save them off before closing the command prompt window.
Quick Answer:
(Update) And in PowerShell, use:
Explanation
This solution and its meaning will be old hat to some, but it seems to be a revelation to others (judging by how many I found searching for a solution to this challenge, and not being offered any useful answer).
Using the Command History
First, some may know that you can recall past commands on the command prompt (to re-execute them) using the up arrow. You can also “see” a list of the past commands (to choose from them, to re-execute) using f7. But that old-school dos popup can’t be edited or saved in any way.
Well, all this command-line history goodness is really driven by a command that’s executed implicitly when you open a command prompt window, called DOSKEY.
And if you enter doskey /?, you get some available help (including reminders of the shortcut keys above, and more). But you will see that it has the /history argument I’ve used, and that lists (to the screen) all the past commands you’ve entered during the current command prompt session.
Of course, from there, if the list is small enough to appear all on screen, you can just copy/paste the stuff to some file (if you know how to copy content from/to the command window), but if it scrolls off screen, that’s where the command I offered is most handy (yes, I know about the “more” command to cause paging of DOS command output, but really, I’d sooner use the one command above then doing a copy, then page forward, and copy. To each his own.)
Piping the history to a file
So saving the displayed history to a file just involves a little more old-school DOS trickeration, whereby you can redirect the output of any command to a file, using the “>” argument, and naming the file to hold the output. The named file will be created in the current directory (indicated in the command prompt window).
Beware, though, that that command will overwrite any previous content in that file. If you want to append to it, instead, use “>>” in the command above. This could be useful if you, for instance, wanted to always write the log to some file, such as in your drive root, so it would become:
doskey /history >> \commands.log
Just be really careful you don’t forget those two brackets, or you’ll lose what you have!
I instead write it to a file (not worrying where it is), then open it and save that off to evernote. (There may even be some trick to route the save directly to evernote, but I don’t know that.)
More on Doskey and command prompt power
For more info on fun with this command prompt doskey and related features, see these docs, which while for XP are good for Vista/Windows 7 (I couldn’t find the same content in a more updated page at Microsoft.)
Update: what about in PowerShell?
In the years since this was posted (early 2011), plenty of folks have or are making the transition to Windows PowerShell (it’s even becoming the default command line in some later versions of Windows). So I updated the top of this post to show how you would get the same history of commands entered into a PowerShell command line:
If you want to learn more about that (more than get-history -help, and so on), see the brief MS doc on it.
Perhaps more compelling for some, note that PS has an even more advanced variant to this notion of saving what you do at the command prompt: how about saving BOTH the commands you type AND all their output? I’m not talking about piping the output of any one to a file, like above. Instead, this is about the PowerShell Start-Transcript cmdlet. Try it out some time:
By default it will show you that it will save all subsequent command input and output to a file in your Documents folder. But see the help or that doc page for far more control over it. The transcript will be created when you end the PowerShell session, or when you use the Stop-Transcript command.
Hope that helps someone. (Just couldn’t fit it in a tweet. Darn!)
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Thanks for the great post. How would I do this automatically at the end of each command session? I’m concerned about malware being installed via the command line and want to see a cumulative history for forensic purposes.
Hi Charlie, I run an interactive JAVA program on the DOS and want to backup the whole interaction in a text file. For instance in ORACLE SQL PLUS prompt, you get everything spooled, when spooling. Commands as well as the output. Is there a way to achieve it in DOS ?
Try using
doskey /history | clip
The clip command puts it onto your clipboard, which them could be pasted into an editor (handy if you keep the editor open all the time)
Many Windows PC users prefer to use Command Prompt to control their computers. It is a great utility that lets you execute your tasks easily. This ancient tool is part of Windows for a long time and is still available on Windows 11.
Command Prompt is more powerful than the conventional GUI method since it’s quicker and offers a lot of tools that are not present in the graphic interface. There are various methods to access Command Prompt on your Windows 11. Review all ways and adopt which you would like to use frequently.
The following are the easy methods through which you can open Command Prompt on Windows 11:-
- Using Windows Search
- From Start Menu
- Via WinX menu
- Through the Run command box
- Via File Explorer
How to launch Command Prompt on Windows 11 through Windows Search?
Step 1. Click on the Search icon from the taskbar, and in the search box, type the following:-
Step 2. In the available search results, click on the Command Prompt app to open it.
How to open Command Prompt on Windows 11 from Start Menu?
Step 1. Click on the Windows logo on the taskbar or press the Windows key from the keyboard to open the Start menu.
Step 2. In the Search box on the top of the Start menu, type Command Prompt. From the left side pane, click on the Command Prompt, or in the right-side pane, click on the Open. You can use any of the options to access Command Prompt.
How to open Command Prompt on Windows 11 from the WinX menu?
Step 1. Press Windows + X keys simultaneously to launch the Win+X menu. Alternatively, right-click on the Start button from the taskbar to access the Win+X menu.
Step 2. Now, click on the Windows Terminal or Windows Terminal (Admin). By default, Windows Terminal opens at PowerShell. So, click on the down-arrow button beside the plus (+) sign and select Command Prompt from the available options.
After executing the above steps, Command Prompt will open in the same window but in a separate tab.
How to access Command Prompt on Windows 11 from the Run dialog box?
Step 1. Open the Run dialog box by pressing Windows + R keys simultaneously.
Step 2. Type CMD in the Run box and hit Enter from the keyboard or click OK to open the Command Prompt window.
How to launch Command Prompt on Windows 11 from File Explorer?
Step 1. Open File Explorer by press Windows + I Keys from the keyboard or click on its icon on the taskbar.
Step 2. Keep the cursor next to Quick access, delete it, and type CMD and then hit Enter from the keyboard to open Command Prompt window.
