How to view and understand uncommon filetypes

In Windows, you can view the file extension for a single file or all files, all the time. The method for viewing the file extension for a single file is the same in every version of Windows, but viewing all file extensions differs between versions. Select an option below and follow the instructions for viewing file extensions.

If you want to change a file’s extension, see: How to change a file extension.
To change the default program that is associated with a file extension, see: How to associate a file with a program in Windows.

• Viewing the file extension of a single file.
• Always show file extensions of all files.

Viewing the file extension of a single file

1. Right-click the file.
2. Select the Properties option.
3. In the Properties window, similar to what is shown below, see the Type of file entry, which is the file type and extension. In the example below, the file is a TXT file with a .txt file extension. In this case, the file opens with the TextPad program.

Always show file extensions of all files

Users who are more familiar with computer files and file extensions may want to view file extensions permanently to help with locating and browsing files. To do this, follow the steps below for your version of Windows.

• Windows 10.
• Windows 2000, XP, Vista, 7, and 8.
• MS-DOS and Windows command line.
• Windows 98 and ME.
• Windows 95.

Windows 10

1. Open the Control Panel.
2. In the Control Panel, type file in the Search Control Panel text field. Click File Explorer Options in the search results.
3. In the File Explorer Options window, click the Viewtab.
4. Uncheck the box for the Hide extensions for known file type option.

Windows 2000, XP, Vista, 7, and 8

1. Open the Control Panel.
2. Click Folder Options.
3. Click View.
4. Uncheck the box for the Hide extensions for known file type option.

1. Open My Computer.
2. Click Tools and click Folder Options or click View and then Options depending on your version of Windows.
3. In the Folder Options window, click the View tab.
4. Uncheck the box for the Hide file extensions for known file types option.

MS-DOS and Windows command line

In MS-DOS, typing dir to list all files also displays the file extension of each file.

COVID-19 is thought to spread mainly through close contact from person to person, including between people who are physically near each other (within about 6 feet). People who are infected but do not show symptoms can also spread the virus to others. Cases of reinfection with COVID-19 have been reported but are rare. We are still learning about how the virus spreads and the severity of illness it causes.

COVID-19 spreads very easily from person to person

How easily a virus spreads from person to person can vary. The virus that causes COVID-19 appears to spread more efficiently than influenza but not as efficiently as measles, which is among the most contagious viruses known to affect people.

COVID-19 most commonly spreads during close contact

• People who are physically near (within 6 feet) a person with COVID-19 or have direct contact with that person are at greatest risk of infection.
• When people with COVID-19 cough, sneeze, sing, talk, or breathe they produce respiratory droplets. These droplets can range in size from larger droplets (some of which are visible) to smaller droplets. Small droplets can also form particles when they dry very quickly in the airstream.
• Infections occur mainly through exposure to respiratory droplets when a person is in close contact with someone who has COVID-19.
• Respiratory droplets cause infection when they are inhaled or deposited on mucous membranes, such as those that line the inside of the nose and mouth.
• As the respiratory droplets travel further from the person with COVID-19, the concentration of these droplets decreases. Larger droplets fall out of the air due to gravity. Smaller droplets and particles spread apart in the air.
• With passing time, the amount of infectious virus in respiratory droplets also decreases.

COVID-19 can sometimes be spread by airborne transmission

• Some infections can be spread by exposure to virus in small droplets and particles that can linger in the air for minutes to hours. These viruses may be able to infect people who are further than 6 feet away from the person who is infected or after that person has left the space.
• This kind of spread is referred to as airborne transmission and is an important way that infections like tuberculosis, measles, and chicken pox are spread.
• There is evidence that under certain conditions, people with COVID-19 seem to have infected others who were more than 6 feet away. These transmissions occurred within enclosed spaces that had inadequate ventilation. Sometimes the infected person was breathing heavily, for example while singing or exercising.
  • Under these circumstances, scientists believe that the amount of infectious smaller droplet and particles produced by the people with COVID-19 became concentrated enough to spread the virus to other people. The people who were infected were in the same space during the same time or shortly after the person with COVID-19 had left.
• Available data indicate that it is much more common for the virus that causes COVID-19 to spread through close contact with a person who has COVID-19 than through airborne transmission. [1]

COVID-19 spreads less commonly through contact with contaminated surfaces

• Respiratory droplets can also land on surfaces and objects. It is possible that a person could get COVID-19 by touching a surface or object that has the virus on it and then touching their own mouth, nose, or eyes.
• Spread from touching surfaces is not thought to be a common way that COVID-19 spreads

COVID-19 rarely spreads between people and animals

• It appears that the virus that causes COVID-19 can spread from people to animals in some situations. CDC is aware of a small number of pets worldwide, including cats and dogs, reported to be infected with the virus that causes COVID-19, mostly after close contact with people with COVID-19. Learn what you should do if you have pets.
• At this time, the risk of COVID-19 spreading from animals to people is considered to be low. Learn about COVID-19 and pets and other animals.

Protect yourself and others

The best way to prevent illness is to avoid being exposed to this virus. You can take steps to slow the spread.

• Stay at least 6 feet away from others, whenever possible. This is very important in preventing the spread of COVID-19.
• Cover your mouth and nose with a mask when around others. This helps reduce the risk of spread both by close contact and by airborne transmission.
• Wash your hands often with soap and water. If soap and water are not available, use a hand sanitizer that contains at least 60% alcohol.

• Avoid crowded indoor spaces and ensure indoor spaces are properly ventilated by bringing in outdoor air as much as possible. In general, being outdoors and in spaces with good ventilation reduces the risk of exposure to infectious respiratory droplets.

• Stay home and isolate from others when sick.
• Routinely clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces and take other steps to stop the spread at home.

Pandemics can be stressful, especially when you are staying away from others. During this time, it’s important to maintain social connections and care for your mental health.

Learn more about what you can do to protect yourself and others.

1 Pathogens that are spread easily through airborne transmission require the use of special engineering controls to prevent infections. Control practices, including recommendations for patient placement and personal protective equipment for health care personnel in healthcare settings, can be found in Section 2 of Interim Infection Prevention and Control Recommendations for Healthcare Personnel During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

A reference to help you identify MIME types and file extensions

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A multipurpose internet mail extension, or MIME type, is an internet standard that describes the contents of internet files based on their natures and formats. This cataloging helps the browser open the file with the appropriate extension or plugin. Although the term includes the word “mail,” it is used for web pages, too.

MIME types contain two parts: a type and a sub-type.

1. The type describes the categorization of MIME types that are linked to each other.
2. In contrast, a subtype is unique to a specific file type that is part of the type.

Here is the MIME type for HTML:

MIME types are defined in HTML by the type attribute on links, objects, and script and style tags.

Distinguishing Among MIME Types

Following is a list of most MIME types, with their file extensions and the applications that use them. Many computers use file extensions to help identify file types. So, if you have a file with an odd extension on your website, you can look up the MIME type in this list.

Some types are prefixed with X, and some are prefixed with VND. These prefixes, respectively, refer to sub-types not listed with the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority or values specific to a vendor.

“ How many types of files are there in Linux/Unix and what are they? ” This is a common question to every person who starts to learn Linux. O.K, why is it that much important to know file types?

Answer: This is because Linux considers every thing as a file. When ever you start working on Linux/Unix box you have to deal with different file types(linux/unix) to effectively manage them

How many types of file are there in Linux/Unix?

By default Unix have only 3 types of files. They are..

Special files(This category is having 5 sub types in it.)

So in practical we have total 7 types(1+1+5) of files in Linux/Unix. And in Solaris we have 8 types. And you can see the file type indication at leftmost part of “ls -l” command.

Here are those files type.

1. Block file(b)
2. Character d evice file(c)
3. Named pipe file or just a pipe file(p)
4. Symbolic link file(l)
5. Socket file(s)

For your information there is one more file type called door file(D) which is present in Sun Solaris as mention earlier. A door is a special file for inter-process communication between a client and server (so total 8 types in Unix machines). We will learn about different types of files as below sequence for every file type.

Regular file type Explained in Linux

These are the files which are indicated with “-” in ls -l command output at the starting of the line. And these files are.

How to create regular files in Linux/Unix?
Ans: Use touch/vi command and redirection operators etc.

How can we list regular files?

Example listing of regular files :

Directory file type explained in Linux/Unix

These type of files contains regular files/folders/special files stored on a physical device. And this type of files will be in blue in color with link greater than or equal 2.

Example listing of directories.

How to create them?
Ans : Use mkdir command

Block file type in Linux

These files are hardware files most of them are present in /dev.

How to create them?
Ans : Use fdisk command or create virtual partition.

How can we list them in my present working directory?

Example listing of Block files(for you to see these file, they are located in /dev).

Character device files in Linux

Provides a serial stream of input or output.Your terminals are classic example for this type of files.

How can we list character files in my present working directory?

Example listing of character files(located in /dev)

Pipe files in Linux/Unix

The other name of pipe is a “named” pipe, which is sometimes called a FIFO. FIFO stands for “First In, First Out” and refers to the property that the order of bytes going in is the same coming out. The “name” of a named pipe is actually a file name within the file system.

How to create them?
Ans: Use mkfifo command.

How can we list character files in my present working directory?

Example listing of pipe files

symbolic link files in Linux

These are linked files to other files. They are either Directory/Regular File. The inode number for this file and its parent files are same. There are two types of link files available in Linux/Unix ie soft and hard link.

How to create them?
Ans : use ln command

How can we list linked files in my present working directory ?

Socket files in Linux

A socket file is used to pass information between applications for communication purpose

How to create them?
Ans : You can create a socket file using socket() system call available under

Example in C programming

You can refer to this socket file using the sockfd. This is same as the file descriptor, and you can use read(), write() system calls to read and write from the socket.

How can we list Socket files in my present working directory?

Example listing of socket files.

srw-rw-rw- 1 root root 0 2010-02-15 09:35 /dev/log

A tip for you guys. How to find your desired type of file ?

Ans : Use find command with -type option. For example if you want to find socket file, just use below command. find / -type s If you want to find linked file then how? Find / -type l

File extensions, extensions vs formats, executable extensions, & more

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A file extension, sometimes called a file suffix or a filename extension, is the character or group of characters after the period that makes up an entire file name.

The file extension helps an operating system, like Windows or macOS, determine which program on your computer the file is associated with.

For example, the file myhomework.docx ends in docx, a file extension that’s associated with Microsoft Word on your computer. When you attempt to open this file, Windows sees that the file ends in a DOCX extension, which it already knows should be opened by Word.

File extensions also often indicate the file type, or file format, of the file, but not always. Any file’s extension can be renamed but that won’t convert the file to another format or change anything about the file other than this portion of its name.

Some common file extensions include PNG, MP4, PDF, MP3, DOC, SVG, INI, DAT, EXE, and LOG.

File Extensions vs File Formats

File extensions and file formats are often spoken about interchangeably. In reality, however, a file extension is just the characters that appear after the period, while the file format speaks to the way in which the data in the file is organized.

For example, in the file name mydata.csv, the file extension is csv, indicating that this is a CSV file. A computer user could rename that file to mydata.mp3, however that wouldn’t mean you could play the file as some sort of audio on a smartphone. The file itself is still rows of text (a CSV file), not a compressed musical recording (an MP3 file).

Changing the Program That Opens a File

File extensions help Windows, or other operating systems you’re using, determine which program to use to open those types of files. Most file extensions, especially those used by common image, audio, and video formats, are usually compatible with more than one program you have installed.

If there are multiple programs that can open a file, you can open them using a program of your choice in Windows.

Another way to make a file open with a different program is to rename the file extension. For example, if you have an RTF file that’s opening in WordPad but you want it to always open in Notepad instead, you can rename the file to file.txt since Notepad recognizes TXT files and not RTF files.

There are a couple of ways to do that in Windows, but the easiest method is to disable the “hide extensions for known file types” option so that you can see the file extension after the file name, and change it to whatever you want.

Open the Run dialog box via WIN+R.

Enter control folders.

Go into the View tab.

Remove the check next to Hide extensions for known file types.

Select OK.

macOS and Linux deal with file extensions a bit differently than Windows because they don’t rely on one to know how to open a file. Regardless, you can still choose a different program to open the file with, and on a Mac, you can also view or hide file extensions.

In macOS, right-click the file and select Open With to see a selection of programs you can use to open the file (including the default program option). If you’re using Ubuntu, and possibly other versions of Linux, right-click the file and select Open With Other Application.

To view file extensions on a Mac as you’re browsing your files, open the Finder menu, go to Preferences, and then from the Advanced tab you want to check the box next to Show all filename extensions.

Converting Files From One Format to Another

Simply renaming a file to change its extension won’t change what type of file it is, even though it might appear as though that happened when Windows shows the icon associated with the new file extension.

To truly change the type of file, it has to be converted using a program that supports both types of files or a dedicated tool designed to convert the file from the format it’s into the format you want it to be in.

For example, let’s say you have an SRF image from your Sony digital camera but a website you want to upload the image to only allows JPEGs. You could rename the file from filename.srf to filename.jpg.

Windows puts a limit on how many characters can come after the period to make up the file extension. It’s a combination of the file name, extension, and path to the file. Modern versions of Windows cap this total character limit at 260, with the exception of Windows 10 which can exceed it after a registry edit.

To convert the file from SRF to JPEG, you would need to find a program that fully supports both so you could open the SRF file and then export or save the image as JPG/JPEG. In this example, Photoshop is a perfect example of an image manipulation program that could do this job.

If you don’t have access to a program that natively supports both formats you need, many dedicated file conversion programs are available.

Executable File Extensions

Some file extensions are classified as executable, meaning that when opened, they don’t just launch for viewing or playing. Instead, they actually do something all by themselves, like install a program, start a process, run a script, etc.

Because files with these extensions are just a single step away from doing lots of things to your computer, you have to be very careful when you receive executable file extensions like this from a source you don’t trust.

Whenever you create a file or folder, Windows 10 scrawls a bunch of secret hidden information on it, such as the date you created it, its size, and even more trivial stuff. Sometimes Windows even lets you add your own secret information, including reviews for your music files or thumbnail pictures for any of your folders.

You can safely ignore most of the information. Other times, tweaking that information is the only way to solve a problem.

To see what Windows is calling your files and folders behind your back, right-click the item and choose Properties from the pop-up menu. Choosing Properties on a song, for example, brings up bunches of details, as shown.

Here’s what each tab means:

General: This first tab shows the file’s type (an MP3 file of the song “Getting Better”), its size (6.42MB), the program that opens it (in this case, the Music app), and the file’s location.

Want a different program to open your file? Right-click the file, choose Properties, and click the Change button on the General tab. A list of your computer’s available music players appears, letting you choose your preferred program.

Security: On this tab, you control permissions, which are rules determining who can access the file and what they can do with it. System administrators earn high wages mostly for understanding this type of stuff.

Details: True to its name, this tab reveals arcane details about a file. On digital photos, for example, this tab lists EXIF (Exchangeable Image File Format) data: the camera model, f-stop, aperture, focal length, and other items loved by photographers. On songs, this tab displays the song’s ID3 tag (IDentify MP3), which includes the artist, album title, year, track number, genre, length, and similar information.

Previous Versions: After you set up the Windows File History backup system, this tab lists all the previously saved versions of this file, ready for retrieval with a click.

Normally, these tidbits of information remain hidden unless you right-click a file or folder and choose Properties. But what if you want to see details about all the files in a folder, perhaps to find pictures taken on a certain day? For that, switch your folder’s view to Details by following these steps:

Click the View tab on the Ribbon along the folder’s top edge.

A menu appears, listing the umpteen ways a folder can display your files.

In the Layout group, select Details, as shown here.

The screen changes to show your files’ names, with details about them stretching to the right in orderly columns.

Try all the views to see which view you prefer. (Windows remembers which views you prefer for different folders.)

If you can’t remember what a folder’s toolbar buttons do, rest your mouse pointer over a button. Windows displays a helpful box summing up the button’s mission.

Switch among the different views until you find the one that fits what you’re trying to accomplish, be it to see a particular photo’s creation date or see thumbnails of every photo in a folder.

Folders usually display files sorted alphabetically. To sort them differently, right-click a blank spot inside the folder and choose Sort By. A pop-up menu lets you choose to sort items by size, name, type, and other details.

When the excitement of the Sort By menu wears off, try clicking the words at the top of each sorted column. Click Size, for example, to reverse the order, placing the largest files at the list’s top.

Feel free to add your own columns to Details view: Right-click a column header you don’t need, and a drop-down menu appears, letting you choose a different criteria.

Windows file names have two parts; the file’s name, then a period followed by the extension (suffix). The extension is a three- or four-letter abbreviation that signifies the file type. For example, in letter.docx the filename is letter and the extension is docx. Extensions are important because they tell your computer what icon to use for the file, and what application can open the file. For example, the doc extension tells your computer that the file is a Microsoft Word file.

If you want to open a MAC OS X file in Windows, you may need to add the extension to a MAC OS X file name so Windows can recognize it. For example, if you have a Word 6 MAC OS X document named letter that you want to open in Windows, you need to rename the file letter.docx so that Word in Windows will recognize and open the file.

Note: This list is by no means a complete and exhaustive list of file extensions. If the file extension you are using is not listed below, you may find the information by looking in the software manual or software application’s Web site.

Note: If none of your file names have extensions, file extensions are hidden. See Showing File Extensions

Showing File Extensions

If none of your file names have extensions, file extensions are hidden. To show file extensions:

As we all know that everything is a file in Linux, which includes Hard Disk, Graphics Card, etc.

When you are navigating to the Linux file system most of the files are fall under regular files and directories.

But it has other file types as well for different purpose. It has five types as per my knowledge.

So, it’s very important to understand the file types in Linux, that helps you in many ways.

In Linux, a file can use an extension, but the actual purpose may be different. Linux does not use file extensions, instead the file type is part of the file name.

If you can’t believe this, check out the full article to know how important it is.

To understand the color coding of Linux files go to the article below.

Make a note: Take a backup whenever you make any changes to the configuration file, as if you made the changes incorrectly, it could seriously damage your system, so be careful when you do this.

What Type of Files are Available in Linux

As per my knowledge, totally 7 types of files are available in Linux with 3 Major categories. The details are below.

• Regular File
• Directory File
• Special Files (There are five types of files in the special category)
• Link File
• Character Device File
• Socket File
• Named Pipe File
• Block File

Refer the below table for a better understanding of file types and their symbols in Linux.

Method-1: How to Identify File types in Linux Using the ls Command

The ls command helps you to identify and classify all kind of the file types found on a Linux system.

Regular file

The regular file is a common file type found everywhere on Linux system. These include text files, script files, images, binary files, and shared libraries,etc.

“-” This refers to the identification symbol for the regular file. You can use the rm command to remove a regular file.

Directory

The directory is the second most common file type found on a Linux system. This can be created with the mkdir command.

Link File

A link is a mechanism for creating a shortcut to the original file or directory. It contains information about another file or directory.

Links allow more than one filename to reference the same file.

There are two types of link files available, it’s soft link and hard link.

Character Device file

Character device files allow the user and application program to communicate directly with the hardware device. It’s not allow programs to read or write single characters at a time.

It is available under the /dev directory.

Block Device file

Block devices provide buffered access to hardware devices, it’s similar to character devices. Unlike character devices, block devices will always allow the programmer to read or write a block of any size at a time.

Socket file

A socket is a special file used for inter-process communication, which enables communication between two processes.

Named Pipe file (FIFO)

a named pipe (also known as a FIFO) is one of the methods for inter-process communication.

Named pipes are special files that can exist anywhere in the file system. They can be created with the command mkfifo.

A named pipe is marked with a p as the first letter of the mode string.

Method-2: How to Identify File types in Linux Using the file Command

The file command allows you to determine various file types in Linux. There are three sets of tests will be performed against a file in the below order to identify the file types.

• Filesystem tests: Filesystem tests checks to see if the file is empty, or if it’s a special file. If the file type is found in the system header file, it is displayed as the correct file type.
• Magic Tests: Magic tests check the magic number stored in a specific location near the beginning of the file to determine the file type. Magic tests use the following files to match a file to its file type. The magic files are /usr/share/misc/magic.mgc, /usr/share/misc/magic and /etc/magic. If a file does not match any of the entries in the magic file, it is examined to see if it is a text file. If the file character set is reported like ASCII, ISO-8859-x, UTF-8, and extended-ASCII are identified as a ‘text’ file. UTF-16 and EBCDIC are text files, but translation will be required before reading them.
• Language Tests: Once the file type is determined as a text file. Language tests look for specific strings to determine in what language the file is written. It will appear anywhere in the first few blocks of a file. These tests are less reliable than the previous two tests, so they are performed last.

Regular file

Enter the file command on your terminal, followed by the regular file. The file command reads the contents of the given file and shows what kind of file it is.

That’s why you see below the different results for each regular file.

Directory

Link File

Character Device file

Block Device file

Socket file

Named Pipe file

Method-3: How to Identify File types in Linux Using the stat Command

The stat command allow us to check file types or file system status. This utility giving more information than file command.

It shows lot of information about the given file such as Size, Block Size, IO Block Size, Inode Value, Links, File permission, UID, GID, File Access, Modify and Change time details.

Don’t be dissing on the DAT

If you find a file with a .dat extension on your computer, it’s simply a generic data file that contains important information about the program used to create the particular file.

It can be anything like an email attachment (as winmail.dat files), image or video, a document or even data, which stores information for software to handle. The information contained within the .dat file can be binary or plain text but is related to the program that created the file.

In order to read or open a .dat file, you need to know what kind of file it is, and then convert it to make it easier to open.

Such files aren’t associated with a particular program though, so if it’s in plain text, you can try to open it with different programs like MS Document or Notepad among others, and it’ll display the content. Otherwise you’ll only see some rough data that you can’t understand unless you’re a programmer.

In rare cases though, you can find .dat files having the actual data for video files that open with programs like CyberLink Powerdirector or VCDGear.

How To Read & Open DAT Files

Most files have default programs that read and open the files, for example MP3 opens audio files, while plain text files are opened using TXT files, but with .dat files, there’s no obvious program to open it.

If you feel stuck with a .dat file and aren’t sure how to open it, what to do with it, or even think it should be used or opened in a particular way, you need to figure out whether it’s video or text-based, an email attachment or other kind of .dat file.

The easiest way to figure this out is by going back to how and where you got the .dat file from, as this usually gives you the information you need to know how to read .dat files.

Using a Text Editor To Open DAT Files

For text-based .dat files, you can easily read and/or open it using a text editor. It’s the first tool to try when you’re not sure how to open a DAT file.

In Windows, the native and basic Notepad text editor will help you, though there are other alternative programs that can replace Notepad.

Not all .dat files are text files though, so you may not be able to open them using a text editor. The .dat files may not be easy to edit, delete or even move, because they may be locked, or they may be part of the program’s configuration files, in which case you may never need to open it manually, or manipulate it.

To open the .dat file in Windows using a text editor, right-click on the file you want to open, and select Open With.

Select the text editor you want to use, and click OK.

You’ll be able to read the file’s contents if it’s a text-based .dat file. If not, you’ll see many NUL references and incomprehensible characters.

If you received an email attachment in the form of a winmail.dat file, you can easily open it using Winmaildat.com without the sender having to resend it to you in the mail. Once you download the .dat file attachment, go to Winmaildat.com and click Browse next to Upload a File.

Find the .dat file and click Open. Once uploaded, click Start, allow the file to be analyzed.

Check for the results in the Result page so you can see the contents of the .dat file. You can also click on it to download it to your computer and view everything the .dat file contains.

For video .dat files, you can check the program it was saved from and try to open using that program. If it’s in a program folder linked to a specific video file program, you can use it to play the file, or try using VLC on your computer.

How To Convert DAT Files

You can also convert the .dat file using a free or paid file converter. The steps you’ll take to convert .dat files depend on the kind of file you have, but you really don’t have to convert it to another format especially if it’s used to store configuration data as we mentioned above.

Similarly, converting the .dat file could also render it unusable. For example, you can open a .dat video file in the program that was used to create it, and then save it or export to another format like the popular MP4, WMV, AVI or FLV.

Another way of reading and opening .dat files that came as email attachments is by renaming it to the correct extension that your computer recognizes, especially if you know it’s supposed to be a particular file type but is a DAT file instead.

For example, if you know it’s meant to be an image file, you can rename it to JPG or PNG, or for Microsoft Word documents, you can rename the DAT file extension to .doc or .docx. Make sure to read out article on how to open a file with no extension as it explains the process in more detail.

Before renaming the DAT file though, configure Windows to show file extensions properly.

We hope you now know how to read and open DAT files in Windows. Let us know which of the three methods worked for you by sharing your comment in the section below.

Elsie is a technology writer and editor with a special focus on Windows, Android and iOS. She writes about software, electronics and other tech subjects, her ultimate goal being to help people out with useful solutions to their daily tech issues in a simple, straightforward and unbiased style. She has a BCom degree in Marketing and currently pursuing her Masters in Communications and New Media. Read Elsie’s Full Bio